An Explanation of Nick Drake's Official Discography

Nick Drake's enormous talent has been expounded upon in countless other places, as have his sad life story, the history of his official and bootlegged releases, and the value of exploring the far reaches of his recordings. What's far more difficult to find is a succinct explanation of precisely what material has seen official release, how many times, and where. This is what I intend to set out below for the benefit of anyone who might seek it out.

Tracks listed in bold are exclusive to the album under whose title they are listed.

Before his death in 1974, Drake recorded three note-perfect studio albums: Five Leaves Left, Bryter Layter, and Pink Moon. During his lifetime, an eponymous compilation album was also released, featuring only tracks from the first two studio albums. As of June 2015, there have been 9 posthumous releases. Of those nine, four - Fruit Tree, Heaven in a Wildflower, Way to Blue, and Tuckbox - do not feature any exclusive tracks. (These are discussed at the end of the post.) Details of the remaining five are as follows:

Time of No Reply was released in 1986, and is the only posthumous album of Nick Drake's to feature a full length album's worth of music that had never been officially released before. The majority of the album dates back to the Five Leaves Left sessions or before, including songs that didn't make the cut, demo versions of some that did, and an alternate arrangement of "Thoughts of Mary Jane." It then concludes with four of the five songs Drake recorded in his abortive 1974 recording session. ("Tow the Line" was not discovered on the reel until later, and therefore was not included.)

Made to Love Magic was released in 2004 and is the successor to Time of No Reply. It features 13 tracks instead of 14: gone are "Man in a Shed," "Fly," "Been Smoking Too Long," and "Strange Meeting II," in favor of demos of "River Man" and "Three Hours," plus the aforementioned "Tow the Line." All of the tracks are remastered, and the difference in sound quality is dramatic. Of the 10 tracks that overlap with Time of No Reply, only 5 are identical to the versions found on that album: "Joey," "Thoughts of Mary Jane," "Clothes of Sand," "Black Eyed Dog," and "Voices" (whose title has changed from "Voice from the Mountain"). Of the remaining tracks, "Rider on the Wheel" has received a new stereo mix, but is otherwise the same as the preceding version. "Magic" (again, a retitling of "I Was Made to Love Magic") and "Time of No Reply" have newly-recorded arrangements by Robert Kirby, written for the Five Leaves Left recording session but abandoned when those tracks were omitted from the debut album. The remaining two tracks, "Mayfair" and "Hanging on a Star," are alternate versions of those found on Time of No Reply.

Family Tree was released in 2007 and contains 28 tracks. These are mostly early demo recordings, several of which feature other members of his family. Of these, only two are versions of songs found on his studio albums - demos of "Day Is Done" and "Way to Blue" - both, again, from Five Leaves Left. The opening track is a snippet of "Come Into the Garden," a different take of which is presented in full later in the album. Two of the tracks are versions of demos found on Time of No Reply: "Been Smoking Too Long" is ostensibly the same recording, while "Strange Meeting II" is an alternate version that includes brief commentary on the song before and after, as well as a laugh and a few inconspicuously muffed lyrics during the performance. The remaining 22 pieces are entirely unique within Drake's officially released output.

A unique wrinkle in the picture is provided by A Treasury, which was released alongside Made to Love Magic in 2004. It mostly serves (respectably enough) as a greatest hits collection, featuring "Magic" and "Black Eyed Dog" alongside 13 tracks from the studio albums. One UK-only version of the album contains a 50 second long version of "Plasir d'Amour" as a hidden track, never released anywhere else. Rather irritatingly, then, this snippet marks the only part of the official discography not readily accessible to American audiences. In the name of due diligence, I bought a British copy of A Treasury, but when the CD arrived from London, it too contained only 15 tracks. "Plasir d'Amour" can be heard on YouTube and has been found on Rapidshare.

[Edit added 6/2/2015]: The final piece of the puzzle, to date, is The John Peel Session. Drake recorded five songs for Peel's famous radio show on August 5, 1969. These unique recordings of otherwise available songs were unreleased until 2014, when they were bundled with the special edition of the authorized biography Remembered for a While. Later in 2014, the songs were released digitally for standalone purchase from British online retailers, though a clerical error rendered them unavailable for purchase in the US. I alerted the Drake estate to the malfunction, and 2 weeks later, they were at long last made available for sale on Amazon and iTunes.

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Summary: Acquiring the three studio albums, Made to Love Magic, and Family Tree (or else Tuckbox, which contains all 5 of these albums) will give you all but 14 officially released Nick Drake recordings. Adding Time of No Reply and The John Peel Session fills in 13 of the missing 14; the last is found on the UK-only version of A Treasury (see above).

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[On those final 3 otherwise undescribed compilations: Heaven in a Wildflower contains 14 tracks from the studio albums. Way to Blue contains 16 tracks from the studio albums and Time of No Reply; it differs by 4 tracks from A Treasury, and is generally better-selected, though it was never remastered and lacks the rare bonus track. Fruit Tree is a compilation that reincarnated 3 times: first as a studio album collection with the first 4 recordings from 1974 appended to the end of Pink Moon, then as the studio albums plus Time of No Reply, and finally as the studio albums plus the Nick Drake documentary A Skin Too Few. With the 2013 release of Tuckbox, it seems likely that Fruit Tree has been supplanted. The only negative consequence of this is that A Skin Too Few, which has never been released anywhere else, seems destined to become unavailable; for now, though, like "Plasir d'Amour," it can be found on YouTube.]

Out of Print Gems: Paul Simon - "The Boy in the Bubble (Extended Version)"

Obsolete technology is always a source of curiosity. Some examples were replaced by superior versions of essentially the same idea; others never got off the ground; for still others, it's hard to understand how they ever existed at all. One example of the lattermost is the CD single, which willfully sacrificed more for less. The format succeeded 7" vinyl and was roughly contemporaneous with the cassette single. All 3 formats were cheaper than their album counterparts and featured correspondingly less music. However, where the record contained less vinyl and the cassette less tape, the CD was unapologetically placed onto the market partially empty. It's hardly a surprise, therefore, that to whatever extent any market for CDs can still be said to exist, the CD single has officially become thing of the past.

The first CD single was released in 1985. Not long thereafter, with record companies still experimenting with the format, Warner Brothers released a promotional CD single of "The Boy in the Bubble" (the opening track from Paul Simon's landmark album Graceland) for distribution to radio stations. The single was officially released around the world only on vinyl. The 7" versions featured a "Single Remix" on the A side and either Graceland album track "Crazy Love, Vol. II" or the title track to Simon's previous album, Hearts + Bones, as the B side. 12" versions featured an "Extended Version" of the single, one of those two B sides, and (sometimes) the 7" remix.

An otherwise extensive 25th anniversary reissue of Graceland has come and gone, but the single-exclusive tracks remain officially unreleased outside of those original vinyl copies. It's too bad. Though the 7" mix is identical other than fading out 12 seconds sooner, the Extended Version is dramatically different from the familiar mix, or anything else on Graceland. Many of the African-inspired tracks on the album were, in fact, born from extended jams, which were pared down later to best suit the sensibilities of Simon's radio-listening audience. For historical interest alone, it's worthwhile to hear some of what a Get Back-style Graceland might have sounded like. It also helps that the Extended Version of "The Boy in the Bubble" is an outstanding jam, with thunderous drums and a self-harmonized ending that mirrors the ethereal ending of "Under African Skies" (which ultimately made the cut and is heard on the album).

While it's a shame that this mix has never been officially revisited, we're lucky that it was ever released on CD. The only other track on Graceland to be released in a less-edited incarnation was "Diamonds on the Soles of Her Shoes," released as a 12" mix only in the UK and Germany, and only on vinyl. The rest may never be heard - at the very least, not until Graceland's next round-number anniversary rolls around. Until then, you can download a 320kbps copy of the extended "Boy in the Bubble" (and the useless "remix," for good measure) here.

Out of Print Gems: Andrew Lloyd Webber - The Odessa File

Hip-hop producer J Dilla died in 2006 of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a blood clotting disorder, after an extended illness that left him wheelchair-bound for his final European tour. Though only 32 years old at the time of his death, Dilla's career had already featured collaborations with De La Soul, A Tribe Called Quest, and The Roots (to name a few), in addition to a handful of solo releases. His final album, Donuts, was a universally acclaimed collection of instrumentals built on an emblematically eclectic group of samples, ranging from standbys like James Brown and Stevie Wonder to electronic music pioneers Raymond Scott and Bruce Haack. In creating tracks for himself and others, Dilla relied on a personal record collection numbering in the vicinity of 10,000 LPs. In the years following his death, most of these records traced a circuitous path back to the MC's mother, Maureen "Ma Dukes" Yancey. Ma Dukes subsequently has put many of these records up for sale on eBay, with proceeds going towards paying off debt incurred during the course of Dilla's treatment, providing income for his two daughters, and establishing a charitable organization for musically-inclined children.

J Dilla Collection sales are a grab bag, with each buyer being sent a record picked at random from the collection. Enticed by the lottery system (in addition to the obvious allure of potentially receiving a record actually sampled in one of Dilla's many hundreds of productions), I purchased an album last week and received - unsurprisingly - an obscurity: an Andrew Lloyd Webber soundtrack to a 1974 Nazi hunting film called The Odessa File.

The film was directed by Ronald Neame, fresh off the man-vs.-tidal wave cult classic The Poseidon Adventure, and starred Jon Voight as a reporter who uses information from a Holocaust survivor's diary to track down the SS commandant of the Jewish ghetto in Riga. Reception of the film online is in general highly positive, with the occasional critique often reserved for the film's score by Andrew Lloyd Webber.

By 1974, Webber had already begun his monumentally successful career as a Broadway composer with Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and Jesus Christ Superstar; he would famously go on to make boatloads of money by inexplicably anthropomorphizing cats (to unsettling ends) and earning the perpetual enmity of Roger Waters (to hilarious ones). In the meantime, The Odessa File was the 3rd and final soundtrack composed by Webber, following Gumshoe in 1971 and an adaptation of his score of Jesus Christ Superstar for the filmed version in 1973. Standing on its own, the album is an interesting piece of work, featuring funky interludes juxtaposed in a vaguely jarring way with a Perry Como-sung Christmas theme and German beer hall music. The entire experience is well summed-up by the video below, which begins with "Miller's Theme," a cello workout featuring Webber's brother Julian, and segues into a marching band polka number.

Surprisingly, despite the merits of the music and the stature of Andrew Lloyd Webber in American popular music, The Odessa File soundtrack was never released on CD, and in fact, has been out of print since its initial release 40 years ago. Interested parties can download the album here.

Sherlock Holmes of the SFRY

My friend Jason recently sent me a postcard unearthed at a garage sale, representing the only part of his haul that eluded identification. Here is the card itself, which was accompanied by a request to find the subject:

Both card stock and architecture immediately suggested the late 1960s or 70s, as did the architecture and Brady Bunch stylings of the card's layout. At first sight, the alphabet appeared to be a subtype of Cyrillic that I couldn't identify any more specifically. Whatever it was, it featured an odd idiosyncrasy:

Compared to the typeset word on the back of the card, the handwriting-style text on the face featured lower case letters familiar to me from general Cyrillic script; all, that is, except for the "T", which resembled an "m" rotated 180° and crossed with a bar. Though I figured this would prove a good guess verifier, it didn't help me to get going. My first and most important clue came at the bottom of the card:

Having been produced by what reason dictated - and Google confirmed - had to have been the Zagreb Chamber of Commerce sometime in the aforementioned time period, the card must have been made to promote tourism in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Unfortunately, this meant I would be looking in an area that today comprises six countries (Serbia, Croatia. Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Slovenia). The good news was that I had the language: either Serbo-Croatian or Macedonian, both of which share a (virtually) identical alphabet. Examining the Wikipedia article on the Macedonian alphabet, I found an explanation for the anomalous letter, which proved to be a cursive Te.

The word reads Jastrebac, which happens to be the name of at least 4 landmarks in Serbia. Three are small villages in the southeast, with respective populations of 221, 423, and 19 (!) residents. The last is a more centrally-located mountain, noteworthy for its wooded scenery and for appearing impressively tall despite a modest elevation of 4895 ft., thanks to surrounding valleys. The mountain is studded with small towns and vacation spots, and lamentably I was unable to positively identify most of the pictures on the face of the card. It struck me, however, that the building on the top right was not only too large to be a private home, but distinctive enough that were it still around, any renovations would have been unlikely to have rendered it unrecognizable - even in the wake of four decades elapsed and two governments crumbled. With some digging, I did indeed find what I was looking for:

The building pictured is the Hotel Trayal, located near the terminus of Class II State Highway 223 (referred to as Jastrebački Road). The hotel - along with the adjacent Hotel Merima, for which the Trayal is apparently often mistaken online - overlooks Jastrepcu Lake, an aqueous speck only 0.257mi in circumference. The lake and hotels are found in the geographic ballpark of 43°25'58.7"N 21°22'11.1"E. A higher resolution shot of the Trayal can be seen below, courtesy of a man with a screen name that Google Translates to "Uncle of the Danube":

The Hotel Trayal of 2009 has ostensibly said goodbye to the ZAZ-965A Zaporozhets once parked out front, and it appears that at some point the management made the wise decision to update the balcony railings. Close inspection, though, shows that impressively little seems generally to have changed. The stone facade is still standing; the same trees dot the skyline; and though the patio umbrellas have been replaced, the classic color scheme is largely intact. Unfortunately, barring an unforeseen Serbian vacation, the rest of Jastrebac will seemingly have to go unexplored and unidentified. But for now, thanks to Jason and the expansive possibilities of the internet, I've seen a wonderful little sliver I never would have otherwise.

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Update (April 3, 2014): My friend Stephen did some digging of his own with remarkable results, turning up photos accounting for the remaining 3 buildings on the card - top middle, bottom left, and bottom right. I subsequently was able to flesh out each of the three. It turns out they were all within hundreds of yards of one another, in a manner unclear from the map for reasons I'll explain. The first is probably the most interesting:

Apparently a victim of the dual collapse of communism and Soviet tourism (closure having occurred "more than 20 years" prior), the Hotel Ravnište was reopened in Summer 2013, on the 50th anniversary of the only time it housed Marshal Tito. The inaugural guests were representatives of the Ministry of Defense, who were treated to 10 days of testing demonstrations of Morava, the Serbian military's new self-propelled rocket launcher. The hotel itself appears to have lost the twin pines in front, but kept the wood paneling and white supports visible on the postcard. (Evidence suggests that one tree may have survived the other.) The hotel is no longer visible on standard Google Maps: a recent update requires you to revert to Classic View to access the satellite picture, and since the hotel was so long defunct, it's no longer marked on the road map at all. Time will tell if this resuscitated, military-friendly iteration stays open long enough to merit being once more added to the map.

The second is variously identified as the Hotel Šator and - herein lies the confusion - the Hotel Ravnište. The first name would appear to be the most appropriate, translating as it does to "tent." The two properties appear to be separated by 0.2 miles. It's possible that the Šator, which has never gone out of business, decided somewhere along the line to ditch its more cutesy name and appropriate the moniker of its fallen neighbor. Šator may also have been a nickname, or one incorrectly listed on the archival photo Stephen found. In any event, it's the "Šator" that occupies the spot on the map labeled by Google as the Hotel Ravnište. Make of all that what you will.

The third (and most frustrating) case of missed identification ostensibly has to do with one of those worries I had in my initial post, which led me at first to focus on what turned out to be the Trayal: radical renovation. The final building is, in fact, the aforementioned Hotel Merima, a building adjacent to and often mistaken for the Trayal. The photograph on the postcard showed the Merima from the southwest, taken from the unnamed road that connects both hotels to Class II State Highway 223. Here it is compared with a roughly contemporary photograph taken from the lakeside:

Both show a transept in the building design and the high-arching eaves that defined the building. At one time, the Merima featured what appeared from the back to be an extremely unsafe balcony. Perhaps aware of some lack of structural integrity, ownership appears, at some point, to have radically redesigned the hotel. Here's what it looks like today:

The Merima has a promotional video on YouTube which, in addition to advertising personal bathrooms "equipped with high quality ceramics," notes that the hotel was renovated to a "capacity of 60 beds in 17 rooms and 2 apartments." Though the renovations have clearly eliminated the transept, the deck and eaves are still evident, and the location appears consistent relative to Jastrepcu Lake. I can therefore feel assured that my eyes didn't miss anything they ought to have caught by themselves, but confident that this is the Hotel Merima. I'd say that qualifies as a happy ending.